I normally try to avoid answering questions about
"favorites," like "Where's your favorite place to dive?" or
"What's your favorite of all your photographs?" Too many apples, too
many tangerines, not to mention all the varieties of lettuce. But when a friend
asked me the other day what was my favorite thing about my visit to Cuba, I
quickly answered, "The music."
That was easy. Music in Cuba is more than
just the seductive sound and rhythms of Africa and the Caribbean. Music, the
musicians, and the way it pervades street life in every Havana neighborhood,
every town and even the rest stops on the main highways represent the cultural
history of Cuba as well as its current state of mind and very likely its
destiny.
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| Bongo Man, Trinidad de Cuba |
The first thing about Cuban music is that it's ubiquitous.
You can't step out on the street without hearing it. As you walk down Obispo
Street into or out of Vieja Havana, you pass through a gauntlet of bands, some
outside on the street, others in open-air bars where tourists sip Cuba Libres
and dance.
In hotel patios and lobbies, the music might be a son band playing
Cuba Jazz or a piano man misting the air with old standards.
There is always a hat or a guitar case nearby for tips, but
during breaks one of the musicians will circulate among the crowd with a
basket of CDs, which cost 10 pesos (about $11). I brought home half a dozen.
The bands all perform better live than in studio, so I'm glad I also used a
digital recorder to capture some of them, along with the ambient sounds of the
street and customers placing drink orders.
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| Drummer for Baragua |
It's almost like having Muzak all over the city, but with
live bands and good sounds. And it's not just in Havana. The historic (499
years old) colonial city of Trinidad on the south coast is renowned for its
music scene. My favorite band of all that I heard was a group called Baragua,
which played in a small bar called Esquerra, just off the Plaza Mayor.
As a photographer, one of my goals was to capture the Cuban people to the extent I could. In
doing so, and especially in studying my photos since I returned, I was struck
by the sense of pride and dignity in every face, even an old man digging coins
from the mud in Havana Harbor.
That sense of worth comes through even more clearly in my
photos of musicians. Certainly
part of that comes from having the gift of music and the ability to put that
gift to use and to be appreciated for it.
Which would seem to be difficult to impossible in what most
Americans perceive the Cuban communist system to be. This is one of those
paradoxes I wrote about last time.
From the American materialistic point of view, Cubans should
be among the unhappiest people in the world. Virtually everyone works for the
government, and paychecks range in the neighborhood of $25 to $40 a month.
Seriously. Now, in addition to that, health care is free and high quality.
Education, at all levels, is also free and high quality. Food is not free but
is heavily subsidized, as is housing. Still, Cubans will tell you, the pay and
subsidized food and housing are not enough to live on.
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| The Old Man and the Guitar, Cojimar |
In recent years, as Cuba has recognized that its most
promising international trade opportunity is in tourism, the socialist
government has relaxed its rules on private businesses. Individuals are now
allowed, and even encouraged, to operate private shops, restaurants and other
enterprises. Policies , i.e., taxes, discourage people from getting very rich
from these enterprises, with the aim of preventing the kind of gross economic
inequality that occurs in some capitalist countries. But that has not prevented
plenty of people getting quite enterprising there.
Music is one of those enterprises. One of the common
criticisms of socialist societies is that there is no incentive for people to
work hard, to innovate, to start new businesses, and Cubans acknowledge that
reality. On the other hand, income equality means there is also no incentive to
pursue a career path that is going to make you unhappy or to exploit other
people just because you can make more money.
I believe that is one reason music is heard all over Cuba.
To be a successful musician you don't have to get a break with a major record
label and get your music played on the right radio stations. You can pick up
your guitar and learn a few songs and play for visitors
near the sea wall in Cojimar, the colorful town that helped inspire Hemingway's
"Old Man and the Sea."
Or put together a band and play on the streets,
sell a few CDs, and supplement your meager government check. Think garage bands
playing outside the garage. With an audience. And the satisfaction that comes
from doing what you really love.
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| Los Mambisos, Obispo St., Havana |
I'm not saying Cuba has actually created the worker's
paradise dreamed of by the Bolsheviks a century ago. Many aspects of the
socialist experiment have clearly failed, and reform is taking place slowly.
But as it does, one hopes that Cuba can keep what is good and healthy. In some
ways they have already shown they can, by retaining those aspects of Cuban
culture that earlier generations of Communist revolutionaries in other
countries destroyed just because they were there before.
Cuba is clearly a land on the verge of something big and
new. It's anybody's guess just what that is right now. But whatever it is, it
will have a great sound track.
